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United States R-class submarine
The R-class submarines were a class of United States Navy submarines active from 1918 until 1945. With the first of the class laid down following the American entry into World War I, they were built rapidly, but none were completed until after the Armistice.
==Design==
;Group 1: The ''R-1'' thru ''R-20'' boats, designed by Electric Boat and built by Fore River Shipyard and Union Iron Works, were known as the ''R-1''-class submarines . These single-hull boats were structurally very similar to the preceding ''O'' class, but larger and therefore with more powerful machinery to maintain the required speed. For the first time in a US submarine class, torpedo tubes were fitted, a tube diameter that is still standard worldwide. A more powerful fixed 3-inch (76 mm)/50 caliber deck gun replaced the retractable 3-inch/23 caliber gun found on previous classes.〔Gardiner, p. 130〕
;Group 2: ''R-21'' to ''R-27'', which were slightly smaller and faster than the R-1s, were designed and built by Lake Torpedo Boat Co. and are sometimes regarded as a separate class, the ''R-21'' class. Compared with the Lake-designed O-class group, these featured a double hull and had their diving planes more conventionally positioned fore and aft, but retained the Lake O-class' characteristic wide stern and torpedo tubes. They were equipped with the same 3-inch/50 deck gun as the Group 1 boats. Their smaller size compared with Group 1 allowed Lake to repeat the machinery of their O-class boats, which probably resulted in cost savings. Some Group 2 boats were fitted with a bow fairing to improve reserve buoyancy. This probably housed expanded ballast tanks. Unlike the Group 1 boats, most of which survived to serve in World War II, the Group 2 boats were scrapped in 1930 as part of the Navy's compliance with the London Naval Treaty. The Lake company's demise in 1924 and the obsolescent 18-inch torpedo armament probably also contributed to this.〔Gardiner, p. 130〕〔(Pigboats.com R-boats page )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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